High-Load Strength Training, Miscarriage, and the Female Athlete: What the New Research Tells Us

High load resistance training in pregnancy

Navigating Exercise, Pregnancy, and Postpartum as an Active Woman

Whether you consider yourself recreationally active or a competitive athlete, pregnancy and postpartum bring up a lot of questions — especially around exercise, pelvic health, and safety.

At Barbell Mamas, our goal has always been to talk openly about the realities of being an active woman navigating fertility, pregnancy, postpartum, and beyond. That means addressing fear-based messaging, knowledge gaps, and the very real physical and emotional experiences that come with motherhood.

In today’s post, I want to walk you through:

  • A new research paper I just published on high-load resistance training in the first trimester
  • A new study we’re actively recruiting for on return to exercise after miscarriage
  • And why emerging research in perimenopause matters for postpartum and active women

A Major Career Milestone — and Why It Matters for Active Moms

The past year has been a big one professionally. Several research projects I’ve been working on for years are finally being published, and 2026 is shaping up to be a turning point where much of my postdoctoral work is becoming publicly available.

That matters because it allows us to move beyond opinion and fear — and toward data-informed conversations about exercise during pregnancy, miscarriage recovery, and long-term pelvic health.

New Research: High-Load Resistance Training in the First Trimester

What Was Studied?

My newly published paper in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (the journal of the American College of Sports Medicine) is titled:

“High-Load Resistance Training in the First Trimester: A Retrospective Survey — Implications for Exercise Professionals and Obstetrical Providers.”

This study represents the first research of its kind to examine high-intensity strength training in the first trimester.

Participants were:

  • Under 20 weeks pregnant
  • Actively training with high loads (functional fitness, strength sports, running)
  • Followed as part of a broader prospective and retrospective research program tracking individuals from early pregnancy through 18 months postpartum

We examined:

  • Pre-pregnancy pelvic floor symptoms
  • Exercise history and training loads
  • Modifications (or lack thereof) made during the first trimester
  • Rates of miscarriage
  • Changes in pelvic floor symptoms during early pregnancy

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Before Pregnancy: An Overlooked Variable

One of the biggest gaps in pregnancy research is pre-conception pelvic floor health.

In athletic populations, 30–50% of female athletes — including those who have never been pregnant — already experience pelvic floor dysfunction, such as stress urinary incontinence.

Yet most women don’t learn about the pelvic floor until they’re already pregnant.

This raises an important question:

If many active women enter pregnancy with existing pelvic floor symptoms, how does that affect pelvic floor risk during pregnancy?

What We Found: Pelvic Floor Symptoms Actually Decreased

Here’s what surprised us:

  • Pelvic floor symptoms decreased in the first trimester compared to pre-pregnancy
  • This reduction occurred regardless of whether training load was modified
  • There was no increase in stress or anal incontinence with continued high-load lifting

Even more interesting:

  • Participants largely maintained training loads
  • Most continued lifting at >80% of their one-rep max
  • This held true across squat, bench, deadlift, snatch, and clean & jerk

In short:
👉 Continuing high-load resistance training in the first trimester did not increase pelvic floor dysfunction in this cohort.

Miscarriage Rates and Exercise: What the Data Showed

Miscarriage rate in this sample was approximately 23%, which is consistent with general population rates when accounting for early pregnancy loss and elective termination.

Importantly:

  • There was no evidence that high-load resistance training increased miscarriage risk
  • This aligns with a growing body of literature suggesting exercise itself is not the culprit

A Critical Gap: Return-to-Exercise Guidance After Miscarriage

One of the most concerning findings from the study was not about lifting — it was about lack of guidance.

Only a small percentage of participants reported receiving any advice on returning to exercise after miscarriage.

That matters.

Recovery from miscarriage can involve:

  • Prolonged bleeding
  • Significant blood loss
  • Hormonal shifts
  • Cardiovascular symptoms
  • Emotional and psychological distress

Yet structured return-to-exercise guidance is almost nonexistent.

Why I Started a New Study on Exercise After Miscarriage

This research is deeply personal.

I’ve experienced two pregnancy losses myself — one early, one later — and navigating return to exercise afterward was physically and emotionally challenging, even as a clinician and researcher.

That experience led to a new study, now approved by ethics, examining:

  • Return-to-exercise timelines after miscarriage
  • Physical symptoms and barriers
  • Mental health and emotional distress
  • What people wish they had known

Who Can Participate?

You may be eligible if you:

  • Experienced a miscarriage within the last 12 months
  • Were physically active before or during pregnancy
  • Participate in any form of exercise (strength training, running, yoga, group fitness, barre, machines, etc.)

This study exists because movement is often a critical coping tool — and we need better information to support people safely and compassionately.

Why Perimenopause Research Matters for Postpartum Women

The final topic I want to highlight is a large new systematic review and meta-analysis on perimenopause and musculoskeletal pain.

Why include this here?

Because more women are:

  • Having children later
  • Finishing postpartum recovery closer to the perimenopausal transition

Key findings:

  • Joint pain increases dramatically from pre- to perimenopause
  • The biggest jump occurs before menopause, not after
  • Common pain areas include the shoulder, low back, and pelvis

For active women, this means:

  • Vasomotor symptoms may be less prominent due to high activity levels
  • Musculoskeletal symptoms may be the primary presentation

Understanding hormonal transitions helps us:

  • Advocate better for postpartum recovery
  • Recognize when symptoms aren’t “just training issues”
  • Support women across the full lifespan

The Big Picture

Exercise is not the villain.

Fear-based messaging helps no one — especially active women navigating pregnancy, loss, postpartum recovery, and hormonal transitions.

What we need instead is:

  • Better data
  • Better screening
  • Better conversations

And that’s exactly what this body of research is working toward.

Picture of Christina Prevett, MSCPT, CSCS, PHD (CANDIDATE)

Christina Prevett, MSCPT, CSCS, PHD (CANDIDATE)

Christina Prevett is a pelvic floor physiotherapist who has a passion for helping women with different life transitions, including postpartum care and menopause.

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